On Managing [Complexity in] Systems Development

Modern society invariably tends to need complex¹ systems. (If a system is too 'simple', there may not be any market for it). Consider, for example, some of the successful products in present times:

1. Smartphones such as the iPhone, the Samsung Galaxy
2. Tablets such as the iPad, Google Nexus 7
3. Electric cars such as the Tesla

Each one of the foregoing has, in addition to software, a collection of parts, in several levels of hierarchy, in creating the end user product. (A blog post makes an interesting observation that mature products tend to have not more than 4 levels of hierarchy in their bill of materials).